Fluorescence

Fluorescence Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation. It is a form of luminescence. In most cases, the emitted light has a longer wavelength, and therefore lower energy, than the absorbed...

Intersystem crossing

Intersystem crossing When an electron in a molecule with a singlet ground state is excited (via absorption of radiation) to a higher energy level, either an excited singlet state or an excited triplet state will form. A singlet state is a molecular electronic state...

Internal Conversion

Internal Conversion Internal conversion is a transition from a higher to a lower electronic state in a molecule or atom. It is sometimes called “radiation less de-excitation”, because no photons are emitted. It differs from intersystem crossing in that,...

Quantum Efficiency

Quantum Efficiency The “quantum efficiency” (Q.E.) is the ratio of the number of carriers collected by the solar cell to the number of photons of a given energy incident on the solar cell. The quantum efficiency may be given either as a function of...

Lambert Beer Law

Lambert Beer Law   The Absorbance of a solution For each wavelength of light passing through the spectrometer, the intensity of the light passing through the reference cell is measured. This is usually referred to as Io – that’s I for Intensity. The...

Stark Einstein law

Stark Einstein law Stark Einstein law The Stark Einstein law is named after German-born physicists Johannes Stark and Albert Einstein, who independently formulated the law between 1908 and 1913. It is also known as the photochemical equivalence law or photoequivalence...