Laser Ablation

Laser Ablation Laser ablation is the process of removing material from a solid (or occasionally liquid) surface by irradiating it with a laser beam. At low laser flux, the material is heated by the absorbed laser energy and evaporates or sublimates. At high laser...

Solvothermal

Solvothermal Solvothermal synthesis is a method of producing chemical compounds. It is very similar to the hydrothermal route (where the synthesis is conducted in a stainless steel autoclave), the only difference being that the precursor solution is usually not...

Water Systems

Water Systems Triple Point Triple point is the intersection on a phase diagram where three phases coexist in equilibrium. The most important application of triple point is water, where the three-phase equilibrium point consists of ice, liquid, and vapor. Before...

Phase rule

Phase Rule For a system at equilibrium the phase rule relates: P = number of phases that can coexist, to C = number of components making up the phases, and F = degrees of freedom. Where these three variables are related in the equation P + F = C + 2 The degrees of...

Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon Nanotubes        Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure. Nanotubes have been constructed with length-to-diameter ratio of up to 132,000,000:1, significantly larger than for any other material. These cylindrical carbon...

Nanowires

 Nanowires Materials come in different shapes and forms, these lead to different application opportunities. Nanowires can be regarded as a new form of matter. As an example silicon has three well studied and known forms: single crystal, polycrystalline and amorphous...